This week I am going to look back at the biggest extinction event in the history of the earth and see if ocean acidification played a significant role. If it did, it intensifies the need for a rapid response to the current crisis. The PTB occurred 251.4myaBP and saw the loss of over 90% of all marine species, it was also the only extinction event which caused the widespread loss of insects (Bowring et al. 1998, Erwiin, 1994). Volcanic eruptions and ocean anoxia were both dominant during the PTB and both have been put forward as a possible cause. Montenegro et al. (2011) have recently created a model to try and assess the role of ocean acidification in the PTB mass extinctions. The article deduces that the high levels of carbon dioxide during the PTB are enough to make the oceans acidic and undersaturated in aragonite. This is thought to have been biologically significant and caused widespread coral loss. More work needs to be done in order to further assess the role of ocean acidification in the PTB mass extinction as the Monetnergo et al. (2011) model is the first to include an accurate portrayal of ocean circulation and seafloor bathymetry. As ocean acidification is likely to have played a key role in the greatest mass extinction ever, it could suggest that we are on the brink of a 6th mass extinction, the effects of which could be catastrophic.
Bowring, S. Erwin, D. Jin, Y. Martin, M. Davidek, K. Wang, W. (1998). ‘U/pb zircon geochronology and tempo of the end-Permian mass extinction’, Science, 280, 1039–1045.
Erwin, D. (1994). ‘The Permo-Triassic extinction’, Nature, 367, 231–235
Monetnergo, A. Spence, P. Meissner, K. Eby, M. (2011). ‘climate simulations of the Permian-traissic boundary: ocean acidification and the extinction event’, Paeleoceanography, 26, 3.